1.+Introduction

**Introduction to Sudan:**

Sudan is the largest country in Africa, very diverse in its tribal, linguistic and religious make-up. In the 1970s, oil and uranium were discovered in the south and west, which should have provided a strong foundation for the sustainable development of Sudan’s people and economy. Unfortunately, the oil and uranium resources have attracted those seeking personal profit, not the sustainable and equitable development of Sudanese society at large. The government has exploited the mineral wealth, along with the ethnic diversity and complexities of living in a pluralistic society, causing growing anger and frustration. Tribal communities try to eke out a living side by side, competing for and fighting over the same declining resources. Many of these tribes are also found in neighbouring countries, and move across borders, bringing with them conflicting loyalties and adding to the existing pressures on already limited resources. Sudan is about one- forth the size of the United States. Its neighbors are Chad and the Central African Republic on the west, Egypt and Libia on the north, Ethiopia and Eritrea on the east, and Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the south.